Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 355-361 , November 2011

The duration of diabetes affects the response to intensive glucose control in type 2 subjects: the VA Diabetes Trial

  • William C. Duckworth

      Affiliations

    • Phoenix VA Health Care Center, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Fax: +1 602 200 6004.
    • ,
  • Carlos Abraira

      Affiliations

    • Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
    • ,
  • Thomas E. Moritz

      Affiliations

    • Hines VA Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) Coordinating Center, Hines, IL, USA
    • ,
  • Stephen N. Davis

      Affiliations

    • Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
    • ,
  • Nicholas Emanuele

      Affiliations

    • Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
    • ,
  • Steven Goldman

      Affiliations

    • Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
    • ,
  • Rodney Hayward

      Affiliations

    • VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
    • ,
  • Grant D. Huang

      Affiliations

    • Cooperative Studies Program Central Office, VA Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA
    • ,
  • Jennifer B. Marks

      Affiliations

    • Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
    • ,
  • Peter D. Reaven

      Affiliations

    • Phoenix VA Health Care Center, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
    • ,
  • Domenic J. Reda

      Affiliations

    • Hines VA Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) Coordinating Center, Hines, IL, USA
    • ,
  • Stuart R. Warren

      Affiliations

    • VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
    • ,
  • Franklin J. Zieve

      Affiliations

    • Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
    • ,
  • for the Investigators of the VADT

Received 15 October 2010 ,Revised 5 October 2011 ,Accepted 7 October 2011.

References 

  1. Abraira C, Colwell J, Nuttall F, Sawin CT, Henderson W, Comstock JP, et al. Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1997;157:181–188
  2. Abraira C, Duckworth W, McCarren M, Emanuele N, Arca D, Reda D, et al. Design of the cooperative study on glycemic control and complications in diabetes mellitus type 2: Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2003;17:314–322
  3. Abraira C, Duckworth WC, Moritz T. Glycaemic separation and risk factor control in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial: an interim report. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009;11:150–156
  4. Agrawal L, Azad N, Emanuele NV, Bahn GD, Kaufman D, Moritz T, et al. for the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) Study Group Observation on renal outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011;[Published online before print July 20, 2011]
  5. Anderson RJ, Bahn GD, Moritz TE, Kaufman D, Abraira C, Duckworth W. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:34–38
  6. Calles-Escandon J, Lovato LC, Simons-Morton DG, Kendall DM, Pop-Busui R, Cohen RM, et al. Effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment strategies on mortality by baseline subgroup characteristics: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:721–727
  7. Del Prato S. Megatrials in type 2 diabetes. From excitement to frustration. Diabetologia. 2009;52:1219–1226
  8. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:129–139
  9. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:580–591
  10. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:1577–1589
  11. Kirkman MS, McCarren M, Shah J, Duckworth W, Abraira C. The association between metabolic control and prevalent macrovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: the VA Cooperative Study in diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2006;20:75–80
  12. Meyers CD, McCarren M, Wong ND, Abraira C, Duckworth WC, Kashyap ML, et al. Baseline achievement of lipid goals and usage of lipid medications in patients with diabetes mellitus (from the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial). The American Journal of Cardiology. 2006;98(1):63–65
  13. Reaven PD, Moritz TE, Schwenke DC, Anderson RJ, Criqui M, Detrano R, et al. Intensive glucose-lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular disease events in Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants with lower calcified coronary atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 2009;58:2642–2648
  14. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:434–444
  15. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group . Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:2545–2559
  16. The ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:2560–2572
  17. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329:977–986
  18. Turner RC. The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study. A review. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(Suppl 3):C35–C38
  19. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group . Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837–853
  20. Zimering MB, Anderson RJ, Ge L, Moritz TE. Increased plasma basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with coronary heart disease in adult type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60:284–291

☆ A portion of these data was presented at the June 2009 Annual Meeting of the ADA in New Orleans, LA, USA.

☆☆ This study was supported by the VA Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development. All rights are reserved by the United States Department of Veteran Affairs. All authors have filed conflict-of-interest statements. Additional support was received from the American Diabetes Association and the National Eye Institute of the NIH. Pharmaceutical, other supplies, and financial assistance were provided by GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi-Aventis, Amylin, and Kos Pharmaceuticals. The assistance of the co-chairs' coordinators, Susan Collier (Phoenix) and Christina Paul (Miami), in the preparation of this manuscript is gratefully acknowledged. Lizy Thottapurathu (Hines) assisted in the data analysis. Special recognition is given to Rebecca Miller (Phoenix), Georgia Roode (Phoenix), and Janet Fawcett, Ph.D. (Phoenix), for preparing the final draft and for consistent support throughout the study, and to our veterans who participated in and made possible this study.

PII: S1056-8727(11)00125-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.10.003

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 355-361 , November 2011

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