Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 362-367 , November 2011

Relationship of glycemia control to lipid and blood pressure lowering and atherosclerosis: the SANDS experience

  • Mihriye Mete

      Affiliations

    • MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Charlton Wilson

      Affiliations

    • Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
    • ,
  • Elisa T. Lee

      Affiliations

    • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
    • ,
  • Angela Silverman

      Affiliations

    • MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Marie Russell

      Affiliations

    • Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
    • ,
  • Mario Stylianou

      Affiliations

    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Jason G. Umans

      Affiliations

    • MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Wenyu Wang

      Affiliations

    • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
    • ,
  • Wm. J. Howard

      Affiliations

    • Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
    • ,
  • Robert E. Ratner

      Affiliations

    • MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Barbara V. Howard

      Affiliations

    • MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, 6525 Belcrest Road, Ste. 700, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. Tel.: +1 301 560 7302; fax: +1 301 560 7307.
    • ,
  • Jerome L. Fleg

      Affiliations

    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

Received 13 October 2010 ,Revised 28 March 2011 ,Accepted 29 April 2011.

References 

  1. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC, Bigger JT, Buse JB, et al Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:2545–2559
  2. American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care in diabetes–2009. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(Suppl 1):S13–S61
  3. Bjarnegard N, Arnqvist HJ, Lindstrom T, Jonasson L, Jonsson A, Lanne T. Long-term hyperglycaemia impairs vascular smooth muscle function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2009;6:25–31
  4. Chen Y, Huang Y, Li M, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Gu W, et al. Association of arterial stiffness with HbA1c in 1000 type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension. Endocrine. 2009;36:262–267
  5. Davidson MB, Hu T, Hoar B, Stevenson C, Hoogwerf BJ. The relationship of glycemic control and triglycerides in patients with diabetes mellitus: a précis Database Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009;11:118–122
  6. Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Liu JE, Lee ET, Wang W, Fabsitz RR, et al. An appraisal of echocardiography as an epidemiological tool: The Strong Heart Study. Annals of Epidemiology. 2003;13:238–244
  7. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:129–139
  8. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  9. Ho HC, Chen MF, Hwang JJ, Lee YT, Su TC. Intima-media thickness of lower-limb arteries associated with fasting and post-challenge plasma glucose levels. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2009;7:748–755
  10. Howard BV, Lee ET, Cowan LD, Devereux RB, Galloway JM, Go OT, et al. Rising tide of cardiovascular disease in American Indians. The Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:2389–2395
  11. Howard BV, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Fleg JL, Galloway JM, Henderson JA, et al. Effect of lower targets for blood pressure and LDL cholesterol on atherosclerosis in diabetes: the SANDS randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;299:1678–1689
  12. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure . The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). 1997;[NIH Publication No. 98-4080]
  13. Larsen JR, Brekke M, Bergengen L, Sandvik L, Arnesen H, Hanssen KF, et al. Mean HbA1c over 18 years predicts carotid intima media thickness in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005;48:776–779
  14. McNeely MJ, McClelland RL, Bild DE, Jacobs DR, Tracy RP, Cushman M, et al. The association between hemoglobin A1c and subclinical cardiovascular disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1727–1733
  15. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) . Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143–3421
  16. Nestel P. Relationship between arterial stiffness and glucose metabolism in women with metabolic syndrome. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology. 2006;33:883–886
  17. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:829–840
  18. Popov D, Constantinescu E. Arterial smooth muscle cells dysfunction in hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemia associated with hyperlipidemia: from causes to effects. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2008;114:150–160
  19. Reaven PD, Moritz TE, Schwenke DC, Anderson RJ, Criqui M, Detrano R, et al. Intensive glucose lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular disease events in VADT participants with lower calcified coronary atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 2009;58:2642–2648[Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19651816]
  20. Russell M, Fleg JL, Galloway J, Henderson JA, Howard WJ, Lee ET, et al. Examination of lower targets for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure in diabetes–the Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS). American Heart Journal. 2006;152:867–875
  21. Selvin E, Coresh J, Golden SH, Boland LL, Brancati FL, Steffes MW. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Glycemic control, atherosclerosis, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1965–1973
  22. Silverman A, Huang CCJ, Russell M, Mete M, Roman MJ, Stylianou M, et al. Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS): Baseline Characteristics of the Randomized Cohort. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice. 2009;3:29–42
  23. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, Buse J, Deedwania P, Gale EA, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a Scientific Statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009;53:298–304
  24. Smellie WS. Hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes. BMJ. 2006;333:1257–1260
  25. Weir MR, Yeh F, Silverman A, Devereux RB, Galloway JM, Henderson JA, et al. Safety and feasibility of achieving lower systolic blood pressure goals in persons with type 2 diabetes: The SANDS trial. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2009;11:1–9
  26. Zhang Y, Galloway JM, Welty TK, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Devereux RB, et al. Incidence and risk factors for stroke in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;118:1577–1584

☆ This study was supported by grant U01-HL067031 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

PII: S1056-8727(11)00061-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.04.001

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 362-367 , November 2011

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution