Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 75-80 , March 2006

The association between metabolic control and prevalent macrovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: The VA Cooperative Study in diabetes

  • M. Sue Kirkman

      Affiliations

    • The Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
    • Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. 545 Barnhill Dr., EH 421, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Tel.: +1 317 274 0550; fax: +1 317 274 4311.
    • ,
  • Madeline McCarren

      Affiliations

    • Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
    • ,
  • Jayendra Shah

      Affiliations

    • Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, USA
    • The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
    • ,
  • William Duckworth

      Affiliations

    • The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
    • Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
    • The University of Arizona, Tempe, AZ, USA
    • ,
  • Carlos Abraira

      Affiliations

    • Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
    • The University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
    • ,
  • The VADT Study Group

Received 15 March 2005 ,Revised 17 May 2005 ,Accepted 13 June 2005.

References 

  1. Abraira C, Colwell J, Nuttall F, Sawin C, Henderson W, Comstock J, et al. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II DM (VACSDM) Group: Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1997;157:181–188
  2. Abraira C, Duckworth W, McCaren M, Emmanuele N, Arca D, Reda D, et al. Design of the cooperative study on glycemic control and complications in diabetes mellitus type 2: Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2003;17:314–322
  3. Chase HP, Jackson WE, Hoops SL, Cockerham RS, Archer PG, O'Brien D. Glucose control and the renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1989;261:1155–1160
  4. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry. 1972;18:499–502
  5. Geiss S, Herman WH, Smith PJ. Mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In:  Harris M editors. Diabetes in America/National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed.. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 1995;p. 133–155
  6. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 1998;339:229–234
  7. Huang ES, Meigs JB, Singer DE. The effect of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Medicine. 2001;111:633–642
  8. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1979;241:2035–2038
  9. Khaw K-T, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Day N. Association of hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004;141:413–420
  10. Klein R. Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:258–268
  11. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruikshanks KJ. Relationship of hyperglycemia to the long-term incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1994;154:2169–2178
  12. Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, McCann VJ, Stanton KG, Constable IJ. Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. Diabetes. 1986;35:1332–1339
  13. Krolewski AS, Laffel LMB, Krolewski M, Quinn M, Warram JH. Glycosylated hemoglobin and the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995;332:1251–1255
  14. Kuusisto J, Mykkanen L, Pyorala K, Laakso M. NIDDM and its metabolic control predict coronary heart disease in elderly subjects. Diabetes. 1994;43:960–967
  15. Laakso M. Glycemic control and the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: The Finnish studies. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1996;124(1S-II)(Suppl.):127–130
  16. Levin SR, Coburn JW, Abraira C, Henderson WG, Colwell JA, Emanuele NV, et al. Effect of intensive glycemic control on microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1478–1485
  17. Meigs JB, Singer DE, Sullivan LM, Dukes KA, D'Agostino RB, Nathan DM, et al. Metabolic control and prevalent cardiovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): The NIDDM Patient Outcomes Research Team. American Journal of Medicine. 1997;102:38–47
  18. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, Miyata T, Isami S, Motoyoshi S, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1995;28:103–117
  19. Selvin E, Marinopolos S, Berkenblit G, Rami T, Brancati F, Powe N, et al. Meta-analysis: Glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004;141:421–431
  20. Singer DE, Nathan DM, Anderson KM, Wilson PWF, Evans JC. Association of HbA1c with prevalent cardiovascular disease in the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes. 1992;41:202–208
  21. Smith NL, Chen L, Au DH, McDonnell M, Fihn SD. Cardiovascular risk factor control among veterans with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(Suppl. 2):B33–B38
  22. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;2:434–444
  23. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil AW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35). British Medical Journal. 2000;321:405–412
  24. The Diabetes Control and Complications Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329:977–986
  25. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). The Lancet. 1998;352:837–853
  26. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. British Medical Journal. 1998;317:703–713
  27. Vijan S, Hofer T, Hayward R. Estimated benefit from glycemic control in microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1997;127:788–795
  28. Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Heart disease and diabetes. In:  Harris M editors. Diabetes in America/National Diabetes Data Group. 2nd ed.. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 1995;p. 429–448

PII: S1056-8727(05)00082-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.06.013

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 75-80 , March 2006

Article Tools