Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 19, Issue 6 , Pages 313-318 , November 2005

Presence of the metabolic syndrome distinguishes patients with ketosis-prone diabetes who have a Type 2 diabetic phenotype

  • Max E. Otiniano

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Ashok Balasubramanyam

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
    • Endocrine Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Mario Maldonado

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
    • Endocrine Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. P.O. Box 4000, Mail stop J.4404, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. Tel.: +1 609 252 4575; fax: +1 609 252 6701

Received 9 February 2005 ,Accepted 8 March 2005.

References 

  1. AACE/ACE . Findings and recommendations from the American College of endocrinology Conference on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Washington, DC: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology; 2002;
  2. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Medicine. 1998;15(7):539–553
  3. Balasubramanyam A, et al. New profiles of diabetic ketoacidosis: Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes and the effect of ethnicity. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1999;159(19):2317–2322
  4. Banerji MA, et al. GAD antibody negative NIDDM in adult black subjects with diabetic ketoacidosis and increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen DR3 and DR4. Flatbush diabetes. Diabetes. 1994;43(6):741–745
  5. Bouchard C. Genetics and the metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 1995;19(Suppl. 1):S52–S59
  6. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1991;14(3):173–194
  7. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) . Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;285(19):2486–2497
  8. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;287(3):356–359
  9. Foster DW. Diabetes mellitus, in Harrison's principles of internal medicine. In:  Fauci AS,  Braunwald E,  Isselbacher KJ editor. New York: McGraw-Hill Book; 1998;p. 2060–2080
  10. Haffner SM, et al. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes. 1992;41(6):715–722
  11. Hother-Nielsen O, et al. Classification of newly diagnosed diabetic patients as insulin-requiring or non-insulin-requiring based on clinical and biochemical variables. Diabetes Care. 1988;11(7):531–537
  12. Isomaa B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(4):683–689
  13. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1989;149(7):1514–1520
  14. Koskinen P, et al. C-peptide determination in the choice of treatment in diabetes mellitus. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 1985;45(7):589–597
  15. Laaksonen DE, et al. Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: Application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002;156(11):1070–1077
  16. Lakka HM, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;288(21):2709–2716
  17. Liese AD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Haffner SM. Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome: An epidemiologic perspective. Epidemiologic Reviews. 1998;20(2):157–172
  18. Maldonado M, et al. Ketosis-prone diabetes: Dissection of a heterogeneous syndrome using an immunogenetic and b-cell functional classification, prospective analysis and clinical outcomes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2003;88:5090–5098
  19. Ovalle F, Bell DS. Clinical evidence of thiazolidinedione-induced improvement of pancreatic beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. 2002;4(1):56–59
  20. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37(12):1595–1607
  21. Sobngwi E, Gautier JF. Adult-onset idiopathic Type I or ketosis-prone Type II diabetes: Evidence to revisit diabetes classification. Diabetologia. 2002;45(2):283–285
  22. Stern MP. The insulin resistance syndrome. In:  Alberti KG,  Zimmet P,  De Fronzo R editor. International textbook of diabetes mellitus. Chichester: Wiley; 1997;p. 255–283
  23. Trevisan M, et al. Syndrome X and mortality: A population-based study. Risk factor and life expectancy research group. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1998;148(10):958–966
  24. Umpierrez GE, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis in obese African-Americans. Diabetes. 1995;44(7):790–795
  25. Umpierrez GE, et al. Immunogenetic analysis suggests different pathogenesis for obese and lean African-Americans with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(9):1517–1523
  26. Zimmet PZ. Kelly west lecture 1991. Challenges in diabetes epidemiology—from West to the rest. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(2):232–252

PII: S1056-8727(05)00026-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.03.001

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 19, Issue 6 , Pages 313-318 , November 2005