Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 18, Issue 1 , Pages 32-36 , 2 January 2004

HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 subtypes or ACE gene polymorphisms do not seem to be risk markers for severe retinopathy in younger Type 1 diabetic patients

  • Elisabet Agardh

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +46-40-337524; fax: +46-40-336212
    • Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital MAS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
  • ,
  • Lakshmi K. Gaur

      Affiliations

    • Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • ,
  • Åke Lernmark

      Affiliations

    • R.H. Williams Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • ,
  • Carl-David Agardh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden

Received 3 December 2002 ,Revised 20 March 2003 ,Accepted 31 March 2003.

References 

  1. Agardh D, Gaur LK, Agardh E, Landin-Olsson M, Agardh CD, Lernmark A. HLA-DQB1*0201/0302 is associated with severe retinopathy in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia. 1996;39:1313–1317
  2. Birinci A, Birinci H, Abidinoglu R, Durupinar B, Oge I. Diabetic retinopathy and HLA antigens in type 2 diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2002;12:89–93
  3. Cooper SM, Roessner KD, Naito-Hoopes M, Howard DB, Gaur LK, Budd RC. Increased usage of V beta 2 and V beta 6 in rheumatoid synovial fluid T cells. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1994;37:1627–1636
  4. Cruickshanks KJ, Vadheim CM, Moss SE, Roth MP, Riley WJ, Maclaren NK, et al. Genetic marker associations with proliferative retinopathy in persons diagnosed with diabetes before 30 yr of age. Diabetes. 1992;41:879–885
  5. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Clustering of long-term complications in families with diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes. 1997;46:1829–1839
  6. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report number 9. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:766–785
  7. Falck AA, Knip JM, Ilonen JS, Laatikainen LT. Genetic markers in early diabetic retinopathy of adolescents with type I diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 1997;11:203–207
  8. Falorni A, Grubin CE, Takei I, Shimada A, Kasuga A, Maruyama T, et al  Radioimmunoassay detects the frequent occurrence of autoantibodies to the Mr 65,000 isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes. Autoimmunity. 1994;19:113–125
  9. Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shintani M, et al. Meta-analysis of association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Diabetologia. 1998;41:47–53
  10. Graham J, Hagopian WA, Kockum I, Li LS, Sanjeevi CB, Lowe RM, et al. Genetic effects on age-dependent onset and islet cell autoantibody markers in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51:1346–1355
  11. Grubin CE, Daniels T, Toivola B, Landin-Olsson M, Hagopian WA, Li L, et al. A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM. Diabetologia. 1994;37:344–350
  12. Gutierrez C, Vendrell J, Pastor R, Llor C, Aguilar C, Broch M, et al. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lack of relationship with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in a Caucasian Mediterranean population. Metabolism. 1997;46:976–980
  13. Holmquist B, Bunning P, Riordan JF. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for angiotensin converting enzyme. Analytical Biochemistry. 1979;95:540–548
  14. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1984;102:520–526
  15. Marre M, Bernadet P, Gallois Y, Savagner F, Guyene TT, Hallab M, et al. Relationships between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism, plasma levels, and diabetic retinal and renal complications. Diabetes. 1994;43:384–388
  16. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 1988;16:1215
  17. Nagi DK, Mansfield MW, Stickland MH, Grant PJ. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, and diabetic retinopathy in subjects with IDDM and NIDDM. Diabetic Medicine. 1995;12:997–1001
  18. Olofsson A, Agardh E, Fex G, Abrahamson M, Agardh C-D. Lack of relationship between insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme gene and severe retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research. 1996;31:119–129
  19. Quiroz-Mercado H, Suarez-Licona A, Fromow-Guerra J, Lopez-Carasa G, Cardenas-Hernandez R, Ruiz-Morales JA, et al. Human lymphocyte antigen DR7 protects against proliferative retinopathy with type II diabetes mellitus. Archives of Medical Research. 2002;33:123–127
  20. Rabensteiner D, Abrahamian H, Irsigler K, Hermann KM, Kiener HP, Mayer G, et al. ACE gene polymorphism and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: results of a case-control study. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1530–1535
  21. Ronca-Testoni S. Direct spectrophotometric assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum. Clinical Chemistry. 1983;29:1093–1096
  22. Tarnow L, Cambien F, Rossing P, Nielsen FS, Hansen BV, Lecerf L, et al. Lack of relationship between an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene and diabetic nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy in IDDM patients. Diabetes. 1995;44:489–494
  23. Tiret L, Rigat B, Visvikis S, Breda C, Corvol P, Cambien F, et al. Evidence from combined segregation and linkage analysis, that a variant of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene controls plasma ACE levels. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1992;S1:197–205
  24. Wong TY, Cruickshank KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Palta M, et al. HLA-DR3 and DR4 and their relation to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:275–281
  25. Zhang L, Krzentowski G, Albert A, Lefebvre PJ. Risk of developing retinopathy in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial in type 1 diabetic patients with good or poor metabolic control. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1275–1279

PII: S1056-8727(03)00040-0

doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(03)00040-0

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 18, Issue 1 , Pages 32-36 , 2 January 2004