The effect of glucose levels on fetal birth weight:

Abstract 

The relationship between maternal glucose intolerance and fetal birth weight remains, to a large extent, unknown in Chinese gravidas. From December 1998 to December 1999, 9741 women in six urban districts of Tianjin, China, underwent an initial screening using a 50-g, 1-h glucose load at 26–30 gestational weeks. Women with a serum glucose reading ≥7.8 mmol/l, were followed up for a 75-g, 2-h glucose tolerance test, which was interpreted using the 1998 World Health Organization's (WHO) criteria for diabetes. A total of 174 women had gestational diabetes mellitus. Complete data was collected in 170 women. Among them, 56 accepted diabetes management including self-home glucose monitoring, diet, and physical activity advice, and others received no treatment. The comparison group was 302 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Glucose levels at the initial screening (partial R²=.0343, P<.0001), maternal weight gain during pregnancy (partial R²=.0915, P<.0001), and gestational week at delivery (partial R²=.0432, P<.0001) were determinants of fetal birth weight, controlling for maternal age, pregravid BMI, maternal stature, and other confounders. Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status and a positive screening but normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) result were predictors of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4000 g). It concludes that maternal glucose levels correlate with fetal birth weight and a glucose level of 7.8 mmol/l or more at the initial screening is predictive of macrosomia in Chinese gravidas regardless of GDM status.

Keywords:  Macrosomia, Birth weight, GDM, Glucose level, Chinese