Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 18, Issue 1 , Pages 10-17 , 2 January 2004

Immune-mediated disease and secondary failure to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Received 24 September 2002 ,Accepted 1 November 2002.

References 

  1. Abiru N, Takino H, Yano M, Kawasaki E, Yamasaki H, Yamaguchi Y, et al. Clinical evaluation of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Journal of Autoimmunity. 1996;9:683–688
  2. Balducci-Silano PL, Layrisse Z, Domı́nguez E, Amaro R, Gunczler P, Lanes R, et al. HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 allele and genotype contribution to IDDM susceptibility in an ethnically mixed population. European Journal of Immunogenetics. 1994;21:405–414
  3. Brooks-Worrell BM, Juneja R, Minokadesh A, Greenbaum CJ, Palmer JP. Cellular immune responses to human islet proteins in autoantibody-positive type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 1999;48:983–988
  4. Bruno G, De Salvia A, Arcari R, Borra M, Grosso N, Carta Q, et al. Clinical, immunological, and genetic heterogeneity of diabetes in an Italian population-based cohort of lean newly diagnosed patients aged 30–54 years. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:50–55
  5. Di Mario U, Irvine WJ, Borsey DQ, Kyner JL, Weston J, Galfo C. Immune abnormalities in diabetic patients not requiring insulin at diagnosis. Diabetologia. 1983;25:92–395
  6. Erlich HA, Zeidler A, Chang J, Shaw S, Raffel LJ, Klitz W, et al. HLA class II alleles and susceptibility and resistance to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Mexican–American families. Nature Genetics. 1993;3:358–364
  7. Fernández-Viña M, Moraes ME, Miller S, Stastny P. HLA class II haplotypes in Amerindians and Black North and South Americans. Tissue Antigens. 1991;38:235–237
  8. Gerbitz K-D, Paprotta A, Jaksch M, Zierz S, Dreschel J. Diabetes mellitus is one of the heterogenous phenotypic features of a mitochondrial DNA point mutation with the tRNA Leu(UUR) gene. FEBS. 1993;321:194–196
  9. Gorodezky C, Olivo A, Aláez C, Altamirano N, Layrisse Z, Balducci PL, et al. High-and low-risk molecular sequences in autoimmune diseases: an analysis of type 1 diabetes in Latin America. Gaceta Médica de México. 1997;133(Suppl 1):125–132
  10. Gottsäter A, Landin-Olsson M, Fernlund P, Lernmark A, Sundkvist G. Beta-cell function in relation to islet cell autoantibodies during the first 3 yr after clinical diagnosis of diabetes in type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:902–910
  11. Gottsäter A, Landin-Olsson M, Lernmark A, Fernlund A, Fernlund P, Sundkvist G. Islet cell autoantibodies are associated with beta-cell failure also in obese adult onset diabetic patients. Acta Diabetologica. 1994;31:226–231
  12. Gottsäter A, Owens DR, Luzio S, Sundkvist G. Proinsulin secretion during the first 3 years after diagnosis in diabetic patients with and without islet cell autoantibodies. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:659–662
  13. Groop L, Miettinen A, Groop P-H, Meri S, Koskimies S, Bottazzo GF. Organ-specific autoimmunity and HLA-DR as markers for β-cell destruction in patients with type II diabetes. Diabetes. 1988;37:99–103
  14. Groop LC, Bottazzo GF, Doniach D. Islet cell autoantibodies identify latent type 1 diabetes in patients aged 35–75 years at diagnosis. Diabetes. 1986;35:237–241
  15. Hatziagelaki E, Jaeger C, Maeser E, Bretzel RG, Federlin K. GAD65 autoantibody but not ICA positivity in adult-onset diabetic patients is associated with early progression to clinical insulin dependency. Acta Diabetologica. 1996;33:291–294
  16. Huang W, She JX, Muir A, Laskowska D, Zorovich B, Schatz D, et al. High risk HLA-DR/DQ genotypes for IDD confer susceptibility to autoantibodies but DQB1*0602 does not prevent them. Journal of Autoimmunity. 1994;7:889–897
  17. Humphrey AR, McCarty DJ, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Dwyer T, Zimmet P. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and phenotypic features associated with early insulin treatment in individuals with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine. 1998;15:113–119
  18. Ikehata F, Satoh J, Nata K, Nakazawa T, Kato I, Kobayashi S, et al. Autoantibodies against CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) that impair glucose-induced insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Journal of Clinical Investigations. 1998;102:395–401
  19. Irvine WJ, Gray RS, McCallum CJ, Duncan LJP. Clinical and pathogenic significance of pancreatic islet cell autoantibodies in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Lancet. 1977;1:1025–1027
  20. Irvine WJ, McCallum CJ, Gray RS, McCallum CJ, Gray RS, Campbell CJ, et al. Pancreatic islet cell autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus correlated with the duration and type of diabetes, coexistent autoimmune disease, and HLA type. Diabetes. 1977;26:138–147
  21. Irvine WJ, Sawers JSA, Feer CM, Prescott RJ, Duncan LJP. The value of islet cell autoantibody in predicting secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic agent therapy in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology. 1979;2:23–26
  22. Jennings AM, Spencer KM, Dean BM, Wilson RM, Botazzo GF, Ward JD. Islet cell autoantibodies and insulin autoantibodies in patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Diabetic Medicine. 1989;6:434–439
  23. Kobayashi T, Nakanishi K, Murase T, Kosaka K. Small doses of subcutaneous insulin as a strategy for preventing slowly progressive beta-cell failure in islet cell autoantibody-positive patients with clinical features of NIDDM. Diabetes. 1996;45:622–626
  24. Leech NJ, Kitabchi AE, Gaur LK, Hagopian WA, Hansen J, Burghen GA, et al. Genetic and immunological markers of insulin-dependent diabetes in Black Americans. Autoimmunity. 1995;22:27–32
  25. Leslie RDG, Pozzilli P. Type 1 diabetes masquerading as type 2 diabetes: possible implications for prevention and treatment. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:1214–1222
  26. Maclaren N, Lan M, Coutant R, Schatz D, Silverstein J, Muir A, et al. Only multiple autoantibodies to islet cells (ICA), insulin, GAD65, IA-2 and IA-2beta predict immune-mediated (Type 1) diabetes in relatives. Journal of Autoimmunity. 1999;12:279–287
  27. Morales P, Martı́nez-Laso J, Martı́n-Villa JM, Corell A, Vicario JL, Varela P, et al. A: high-frequency of the HLA DRB1*0405-(Dw15)-DQw8 haplotype in Spaniards and its relationship to diabetes susceptibility. Human Immunology. 1991;32:170–175
  28. Niskanen L, Karjalainen J, Sarlund H, Siitonen O, Uusitupa M. Five-year follow-up of islet cell autoantibodies in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1991;34:402–408
  29. Niskanen LK, Toumi T, Karjalainen J, Groop LC, Uusitupa MIJ. GAD autoantibodies in NIDDM: ten-year follow-up from the diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1557–1565
  30. Oka Y, Katagiri H, Yasaki Y, Murase T, Kobayashi T. Mitochondrial gene mutation in islet-cell-autoantibody-positive patients who were initially non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Lancet. 1993;342(8870):527–528
  31. Reardon W, Ross RJM, Sweeney MG, Luxon LM, Pembrey ME, Harding AE, et al. Diabetes mellitus associated with a pathogenic point mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Lancet. 1992;340:1376–1379
  32. She JX. Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: HLA-DQ and DR revisited. Immunology Today. 1996;17:323–329
  33. Tuomi T, Carlsson A, Li H, Isomaa B, Miettinen A, Nilsson A, et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes with and without GAD autoantibodies. Diabetes. 1999;48:150–157
  34. Tuomi T, Groop LC, Zimmet PZ, Rowley MJ, Knowles W, Mackay IR. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase reveal latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults with a non-insulin-dependent onset of disease. Diabetes. 1993;42:359–362
  35. Turner R, Stratton I, Horton V, Manley S, Zimmet P, Mackay IR, et al. UKPDS 25. Autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet. 1997;350(9087):1288–1293
  36. Willis J, Scott R, Brown L, et al.  Type 1 diabetes in insulin-treated adult-onset diabetic subjects. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1998;42:49–53
  37. Willis JA, Scott RS, Brown LJ, Forbes LV, Schmidli RS, Zimmet PZ, et al. Islet cell autoantibodies and autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylases in newly diagnosed adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1996;33:89–97
  38. Zavala AV, Fabiano de Bruno LE, Cardoso AI, Mota AH, Capucchio M, Poskus E, et al. Cellular and humoral autoimmunity markers in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with secondary drug failure. Diabetologia. 1992;5:1159–1164
  39. Zimmet PZ, Tuomi T, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Knowles W, Cohen M, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adults (LADA): the role of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in diagnosis and prediction of insulin dependency. Diabetic Medicine. 1994;11:299–303

PII: S1056-8727(02)00253-2

doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00253-2

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 18, Issue 1 , Pages 10-17 , 2 January 2004