Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 287-294 , November 2001

Diabetic retinopathy, visual acuity, and medical risk indicators. A continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 diabetic patients under routine care

  • M Lövestam-Adrian

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Fax: +46-46-172721
    • ,
  • C.-D Agardh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
    • ,
  • O Torffvit

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
    • ,
  • E Agardh

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Received 29 January 2001 ,Revised 6 June 2001 ,Accepted 13 June 2001.

References 

  1. Agardh C-D, Agardh E, Torffvit O. The association between retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovscular disease and long-term metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 5 year follow-up study of 442 adult patients in routine care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1997;35:113–121
  2. Agardh C-D, Eckert B, Agardh E. Irreversible progression of severe retinopathy in young type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients after improved metabolic control. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 1992;6:96–100
  3. Agardh E, Agardh C-D, Hansson-Lundblad C. The five-year incidence of blindness after introducing a screening programme for early detection of treatable diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Medicine. 1993;10:555–559
  4. Agardh E, Torffvit O, Agardh C-D. The prevalence of retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Journal of Internal Medicine. 1989;226:47–52
  5. Bäcklund LB, Algvere PV, Rosenqvist U. New blindness in diabetes reduced by more than one-third in Stockholm county. Diabetic Medicine. 1997;14:732–740
  6. Bojestig M, Arnqvist HJ, Karlberg BE, Ludvigsson J. Unchanged incidence of severe retinopathy in a population of type 1 diabetic patients with marked reduction of nephropathy. Diabetic Medicine. 1998;15:863–869
  7. Chase PH, Garg SK, Jackson WE, Thomas MA, Harris S, Marshall G, et al. Blood pressure and retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:155–159
  8. Cruickshanks KJ, Ritter LL, Klein R, Moss SE. The association of microalbuminuria with diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:862–867
  9. Danielsen R, Jonasson F, Helgason T. Prevalence of retinopathy and proteinuria in type I diabetics in Iceland. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 1982;212:277–280
  10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group . Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: ETDRS report number 1. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1985;103:1796–1806
  11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group . Treatment techniques and clinical guidelines for photocoagulation of diabetic macular edema. ETDRS Report Number 2. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:761–774
  12. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group . Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS Report Number 9. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:766–785
  13. Epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (EDIC). Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial cohort. Diabetes Care, 22, 99–111 (1999).
  14. Janka HU, Warram JH, Rand LJ, Krolewski AS. Risk factors for progression of background retinopathy in long-standing IDDM. Diabetes. 1989;38:460–464
  15. Jerneld B, Algvere P. The prevalence of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus-a fluorescein-angiographic study. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenhagen). 1984;62:617–630
  16. Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE, Palta M. A cohort study of the relationship of diabetic retinopathy to blood pressure. Arch Ophthalmologica. 1995;113:601–606
  17. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: XIV. Ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1994;112:1217–1228
  18. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1988;260:2864–2871
  19. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeNets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1984;102:520–526
  20. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeNets DL. Is blood pressure a predictor of the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy?. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1989;149:2427–2432
  21. Klein R, Moss SE, Klein BEK. Is gross proteinuria a risk factor for the incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:1140–1146
  22. Krolewski AS, Warram JH, Rand LI, Christlieb AR, Busick EJ, Kahn CR. Risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes: a 40-yr follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 1986;9:443–452
  23. Krolewski AS, Warram HJ, Rand LI, Kahn CR. Epidemiologic approach to the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its complications. New England Journal of Medicine. 1987;317:1390–1398
  24. Larsson L-I, Alm A, Bergenheim T, Lithner F, Bergström R. Retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15–50 years in the county of Umeå, Sweden. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 1999;77:430–436
  25. Lövestam-Adrian M, Agardh E, Agardh C-D. The temporal development of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus during 15 years diabetes duration. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 1999;45:15–23
  26. Marshall G, Garg SK, Jackson WE, Holmes DL, Chase HP. Factors influencing the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:1133–1139
  27. McNally PG, Raymond NT, Swift PGF, Hearnshaw JR, Burden AC. Does the prepubertal duration of diabetes influence the onset of microvascular complications?. Diabetic Medicine. 1993;19:906–908
  28. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Ten-year incidence of visual loss in a diabetic population. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1061–1070
  29. Nielsen NV. Diabetic retinopathy: I. The course of retinopathy in insulin-treated diabetics. A one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The Island of Falster Denmark. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenhagen). 1984;62:256–265
  30. Pirart J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care. 1978;3:168–188
  31. Reichard P, Nilsson B-Y, Rosenqvist U. The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329:304–309
  32. Rossing K, Jacobsen P, Rossing P, Lauritzen E, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH. Improved visual function in IDDM patients with unchanged cumulative incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:2007–2015
  33. Sjölie AK. Ocular complications in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenhagen). 1985;63(Suppl. 172):1–76
  34. Stephenson JM, Fuller JH  EURODIAB IDDM . Microvascular and acute complications in IDDM patients: the EURODIAB IDDM Complication Study Group. Diabetologia. 1994;37:278–285
  35. Stephenson JM, Fuller JH, Viberti G-C, Sjölie A-K, Navalesi R  EURODIAB IDDM Complication Study Group . Blood pressure, retinopathy and urinary albumin excretion in IDDM: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study Group. Diabetologia. 1995;38:599–603
  36. Teuscher A, Schnell H, Wilson PWF. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to baseline plasma glucose and blood pressure. Diabetes Care. 1988;11:246–251
  37. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;329:977–986
  38. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group . Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS Report Number 8. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:583–600
  39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group . Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998;317:703–713
  40. Wang PH, Lau J, Charmers TC. Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 1993;341:1306–1309

PII: S1056-8727(01)00167-2

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
Volume 15, Issue 6 , Pages 287-294 , November 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution